Updated Statement: COVID-19 and Ventilation/Perfusion (V/Q) Lung Studies

September 3, 2020

On March 19, 2020, SNMMI released a statement responding to concerns regarding ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) lung scans and, specifically, the inherent risk of spread of COVID-19 to patients and staff related to the ventilation portion of this study. At that time, many institutions opted not to perform ventilation studies. When lung perfusion images are normal, the perfusion scan alone essentially rules out acute pulmonary embolism, and no further studies are needed. When lung perfusion images show a high-probability appearance in the setting of a normal chest radiograph, this also provides helpful information. However, there are cases in which perfusion-only images are indeterminate and a ventilation study may be felt to be clinically necessary to make a definitive interpretation, with recognition of the need for diagnostic accuracy given the potential risks of anticoagulation in this population. In addition, ventilation images provide important information about airway patency and obstructive lung disease that may help to explain symptoms.

Since the time of the original statement, the COVID-19 pandemic has evolved differently in various regions of the world, and questions have arisen as to the safety of resuming performance of the ventilation study.  

There remain unknowns about the transmissibility of COVID-19 using ventilation systems. In some situations, it may remain appropriate not to perform ventilation studies. These situations may include when institutions or practices are in regions where there is a high or increasing number of COVID-19 cases or where there is inadequate access to COVID-19 testing.

The goal of this updated statement is to recognize that in some regions and clinical situations, a ventilation study may be felt to be clinically necessary to help diagnose lung disease, including vascular and airway disease. In these settings, performance of ventilation studies may be considered, with local and institutional COVID-19 policies and procedures for aerosol-generating and non-aerosolizing procedures serving as the primary source of guidance. The following considerations, which typically are included in facility policies and procedures, should be reviewed prior to performing ventilation studies:

1. In general, patients should have documentation of a negative COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test; however, in some cases, local policies or regulations may be different.
2. Technologists should wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when performing ventilation studies, according to local policies for the performance of aerosol-generating and non-aerosolizing procedures.
3. Airflow in the room in which the ventilation studies are performed should be evaluated, which may help determine the required time for room turnover after the performance of a ventilation study.
4. The availability and feasibility of administering ventilation agents—including FDA-approved agents such as ^99mTc-DTPA and ¹³³Xe gas and other non-FDA-approved agents, including but not limited to ^99mTc-labeled ultra-fine carbon particles (e.g., Technegas™)—should be considered for performance of the ventilation study.
5. It is recommended to engage local infection control groups for guidance and to help evaluate facilities, equipment and staff PPE use for performing ventilation studies.
6. The approach to performing a ventilation scan in relation to the perfusion scan (i.e., ventilation then perfusion vs. perfusion then ventilation) should be considered on a case-by-case basis, according to the clinical indication and in consultation with the referring physician. 
   
   

SNMMI will continue to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic and provide updated information whenever possible.

Nuclear Medicine–Specific Information

NOTE: See next tab for recent articles on nuclear medicine and COVID-19.

COVID Forum

• SNMMI COVID Discussion Forum
  Post a question or see what your colleagues are discussing in this SNMMI all-member community forum.

Nuclear Medicine Used for COVID

• Radioimmunotherapy may help treat COVID-19 (June 16) 
  Monopar Therapeutics and NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes have announced a collaboration to develop potential radioimmunotherapeutics to treat severe COVID-19.

Nuclear Medicine Webinars

• Tempest in a Nebulizer – Lung Scans in the Era of COVID-19 (coming soon)
  September 30 (coming soon on-demand)
• COVID-19 antibody tests and the UK Rapid Testing Consortium
  June 18 (recording)
• FDA Town Hall: Impact of COVID-19 on Regulatory Activities
  June 17 (video, slide deck, Q&As)
• How Should Nuclear Medicine Departments Prepare to Return to Normal (Academic Institution) 
  Also available with CE credit (May 15)
• NRC/SNMMI Town Hall – Regulatory Relief and Questions from the Nuclear Medicine Community 
  Also available with CE credit (May 13)
• COVID-19: Transitioning to a 'New-Normal' When and How 
  May 13 (recording)
• SNMMI-TS Virtual Town Hall: What Are You Experiencing re: COVID-19 in Your Area?
  (May 7)
• Imaging of a COVID-19–Positive Patient: What to Expect
  April 29 (Recording)
• IAEA Webinar Summary (April 28)
• COVID-29 Pandemic: Supply of Medical Radioisotopes and Radiopharmaceuticals (IAEA)
  April 23 (Recording)
• COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance for Nuclear Medicine Departments (IAEA)
  April 16 (Recording)
• Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic: Challenges for the Nuclear Medicine Departments (IAEA)
  March 25 (Recording)
  

SNMMI COVID-19 Industry Partners Satellite Symposium Webinars

• How Nuclear Medicine May Help in (or serve for) the Diagnostic and Monitoring of COVID-19 Patients 
  May 28 (Recording)
  Presented by: Spectrum Dynamics
• Imaging From Home, Can it be Better? 
  June 4 (Recording)
  Presented by: MIM Software

Nuclear Medicine Guidelines

• Updated Statement: COVID-19 and Ventilation/Perfusion (V/Q) Lung Studies (September 2020)
  SNMMI statement regarding considerations, typically included in facility policies and procedures, that should be reviewed prior to performing ventilation studies.
• COVID-19 Pandemic: Technical Guidance for Nuclear Medicine Departments (July 2020)
  Published by the IAEA
• The American College of Nuclear Medicine Guidance on Operating Procedures for a Nuclear Medicine Facility During COVID-19 Pandemic (May 1, ahead of print)
  Specialty-centered guidance from ACNM for nuclear medicine facilities during the COVID-19 epidemic/pandemic.
• Guidance and Best Practices for Nuclear Cardiology Laboratories during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An Information Statement from ASNC and SNMMI (JNM, June 2020)
  In this Information Statement, SNMMI and the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology (ASNC) address the practice of nuclear cardiology in the setting of the current COVID-19 pandemic, reflecting the perspectives of diverse practices across the United States and worldwide.
• COVID-19 pandemic: guidance for nuclear medicine departments (April 15)
  IAEA guidelines to help nuclear medicine departments adapt operating procedures to minimize the risk of COVID-19 infections among patients, staff and the public.

COVID-Related Advocacy

• SNMMI Requests Regulatory Relief for Training for Imaging and Localization Studies (June 11) 
  SNMMI, ASNC, ASTRO and ACR requested regulatory relief for training for imaging and localization studies during the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency.
• SNMMI Advocates for Access to Diagnostic Radiopharmaceuticals through COVID-19 and Beyond (May 15) 
• SNMMI Advocates for Frontline Healthcare Workers (May 8)
  SNMMI joined various other medical professional societies in advocating for all frontline members of the healthcare delivery system during the COVID-19 pandemic
• SNMMI Encourages Legislators To Ensure Accessibility to PPE (March 26)
  SNMMI joined other diagnostic imaging societies in calling on the president of the United States to ensure an adequate supply of personal protective equipment.
• See also Government Resources and Other Resources tabs.

Radioisotope Supply

• NMEu: Update on Global Supply of Mo-99 (May 29)
  The situation has largely normalized; a few difficulties still in transportation to Mexico and South America.
• NMEu: COVID-19 and the Global Supply of Mo-99 (May 11)
• NMEu: COVID-19 and the Global Supply of Mo-99 (April 27)
• Medical Radioisotopes still Produced but Facing Distribution Challenges Globally (April 20)
  IAEA: The production of radioisotopes used in medicine has continued during the COVID-19 pandemic, but hospitals could face shortages due to bottlenecks in transport and distribution.
  
• NMEu: COVID-19 and the Global Supply of Mo-99 (April 15)
  Production continues normally within adjustments for COVID-19. Logistics difficulties create risk, but no specific shortages are presently foreseen.

Ventilation/Perfusion (V/Q) Studies

• Updated Statement: COVID-19 and Ventilation/Perfusion (V/Q) Lung Studies (September 2020)
  SNMMI statement regarding considerations, typically included in facility policies and procedures, that should be reviewed prior to performing ventilation studies.
• Lung Scintigraphy in the Era of COVID-19 and Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (May 8) 
  This article discusses two recent developments related to lung scintigraphy: the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the increase in requests for lung ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy for the diagnosis and management of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
  
• COVID-19 and Ventilation/Perfusion (V/Q) Lung Studies (March 19)
  SNMMI statement regarding ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) lung scans and the risk inherent in the V/Q scan for spread of COVID-19 to patients and staff alike.

The Journal of Nuclear Medicine (JNM) 

Oncology-inspired treatment options for COVID-19  (Ahead of print)
NagaVaraKishore Pillarsetty, Lukas Carter, Jason S. Lewis, and Thomas Reiner

Low Dose Radiation to COVID-19 Patients to Ease the Disease Course and Reduce the Need of Intensive Care  (Ahead of print)Poul Flemming Høilund-Carlsen, Poul-Erik Braad, Oke Gerke, Kasper Karmark Iversen, and Werner Vach

Guidance and best practices for reestablishment of non-emergent care in nuclear cardiology laboratories during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: An information statement from ASNC, IAEA, and SNMMI (October 2020)Hicham Skali, Venkatesh L. Murthy, Diana Paez, Elisa M. Choi, Felix Y.J. Keng, McGhie A. Iain, Mouaz Al-Mallah, Roxana Campisi, Timothy M. Bateman, Ignasi Carrio, Rob Beanlands, Dennis A. Calnon, Vasken Dilsizian, Maurizio Dondi, Alessia Gimelli, Robert Pagnanelli, Donna M. Polk, Prem Soman, Andrew J. Einstein, Sharmila Dorbala, and Randall C. Thompson

Global Impact of COVID-19 on Nuclear Medicine Departments: An International Survey in April 2020  (September 2020)
Lutz S. Freudenberg, Diana Paez, Francesco Giammarile, Juliano Julio Cerci, Moshe Modiselle, Thomas N.B. Pascual, Noura El-Haj, Pilar Orellana, Ignasi Carrio, Stefano Fanti, Cristina Sebastiao Matushita, Yaroslav Pynda, and Ken Herrmann

The Impact of COVID‐19 on the Health‐Care Workforce: From Heroes to Zeroes? (August 2020)
Johannes Czernin

Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Are There Any Concerns?  (August 2020) Lisa Bodei, Emily K. Bergsland, Wouter K. de Herder, Diego Ferone, Rodney J. Hicks, Thomas A. Hope, Jolanta A. Kunikowska, Marianne Pavel, Diane L Reidy-Lagunes, Jens Siveke, Jonathan R. Strosberg, Ulf Dittmer and Ken Herrmann

Overcoming the COVID-19 Crisis and Planning for the Future (August 2020)
Steven H LoGiudice, Allison Liebhaber, and Heiko Schöder

COVID-19 and Pulmonary Embolism: Diagnostic Imaging Trends (August 2020) 
Sedighe Karimzadeh, Akshay Raut, and Huy Nguyen Tien

Guidance and Best Practices for Nuclear Cardiology Laboratories During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An Information Statement from ASNC and SNMMI (June 2020)
Hicham Skali, Venkatesh L. Murthy, Mouaz H. Al-Mallah, Tim M. Bateman, Rob Beanlands, Nathan Better, Dennis A. Calnon, Vasken Dilsizian, Alessia Gimelli, Robert Pagnanelli, Donna M. Polk, Prem Soman, Randall C. Thompson, Andrew J. Einstein, and Sharmila Dorbala

Yttrium-90 Radioembolization: Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Outbreak, Opportunity for Prime Time (June 2020)
Lawrence Han Hwee Quek, Anbalagan Kannivelu, and Uei Pua

The role of Nuclear Medicine for COVID-19 – Time to Act Now (June 2020)
Freimut D Juengling, Antonio Maldonado, Frank Wuest, and Thomas Hellmut Schindler

Dr. Li Wenliang and the Time of COVID-19 (May 2020)
Johannes Czernin

Nuclear Medicine Operations in the Times of COVID-19: Strategies, Precautions and Experiences (May 2020)
Johannes Czernin, Stefano Fanti, Philipp T. Meyer, Martin Allen-Auerbach, Marcus Hacker, Mike Sathekge, Rodney Hicks, Andrew M. Scott, Jun Hatazawa, Mijin Yun, Heiko Schöder, Peter Bartenstein, and Ken Herrmann

Incidental Findings Suggestive of COVID-19 in Asymptomatic Patients Undergoing Nuclear Medicine Procedures in a High Prevalence Region (May 2020)
Domenico Albano, Francesco Bertagna, Mattia Bertolia, Giovanni Bosio, Silvia Lucchini, Federica Motta, Maria Beatrice Panarotto, Alessia Peli, Luca Camoni, Frank M. Bengel, and Raffaele Giubbini

Diagnostic Evaluation of Pulmonary Embolism During the COVID-19 Pandemic (May 2020)
Lionel S. Zuckier, Renée M. Moadel, Linda B. Haramati, and Leonard Freeman 

Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology (JNMT) 

Nuclear Medicine Clinical Practice in the United States During the COVID-19 Era and Beyond (September 2020)
Gail A. McFarland and Sara G. Johnson

Post–COVID-19 New Normal for Molecular Imaging Departments: A United Kingdom Perspective (September 2020)
Jessica Williams, Emma Meadows, and Manrita Singh

Post–COVID-19 New Normal for Nuclear Medicine Practice: An Australasian Perspective (September 2020) 
Geoff Currie

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: What Nuclear Medicine Departments Should Know (June 2020) 
Gopinath Gnanasegaran, Hian Liang Huang, Jessica Williams, and Jamshed Bomanji

From One Technologist to Another – COVID-19 Questions Answered (June 2020) 
Dmitry D. Beyder, Mark H. Crosthwaite, James Crowley, Lyndsi M. Hay, Kimberly Kerrylin Jackson, Nancy McDonald, Lynne T. Roy, Tricia Peters, and Nikki Wenzel-Lamb

Divide and Conquer: Strategies to Manage a Nuclear Medicine Department during COVID‐19 (June 2020)
Wei Y Tham, Aaron KT Tong, Kelvin SH Loke, Liyi Chio, Gabriel KY Lim, Xin Y Seah, David CE Ng, Sean XX Yan, Winnie WC Lam

Uptake

Lung Scintigraphy in the Era of COVID-19 and Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (May 8)
J. Anthony Parker, MD, PhD, and Kevin J. Donohoe, MD

Other Nuclear Medicine Journals

Added value of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in a SARS-CoV-2-infected complex case with persistent fever (May 16, ahead of print)
Christel H. Kamani, Mario Jreige, Martin Pappon, Arnaud Fischbacher, Olivier Borens, Pierre Monney, Marie Nicod Lalonde, Niklaus Schaefer, and John O. Prior 

Key elements of preparedness for pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in nuclear medicine units (April 21 ahead of print)
Majid Assadi, Ali Gholamrezanezhad, Narges Jokar, Mohsen Keshavarz, Maria Picchio, Ettore Seregni, Emilio Bombardieri, and Arturo Chiti

Training and Certification

American Association of Physicists in Medicine

• All AAPM in-person meetings, plans for AAPM funded travel and meetings of other groups at HQ are to be canceled through April 30, 2020. Find more information here.
  
• Update for graduate program directors regarding recent developments in graduate medical physics education in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. (March 18)

American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS)

• ABMS reaffirms support for physicians to focus their priorities on patients, families, and the communities they serve. (March 26)

American Board of Nuclear Medicine (ABNM)

• NM Program Directors: COVID-19 Impact on Nuclear Medicine Training Programs (March 25, 2020)
• Diplomates: COVID-19 and Adjustments to CertLink (March 24, 2020)
• NM Program Directors: Modification of ABNM Leave Policy for COVID-19 (March 12, 2020)

American Board of Radiology 

• Coronavirus Information

American Board of Science in Nuclear Medicine

• The ABSNM currently plans to give the General and Specialty Examinations as scheduled on June 12, 2020 in New Orleans, Louisiana. See more updates here.

American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT)

• ARRT COVID-19 Update: ARRT is closely monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic and how it could affect students and RTs. RTs who have questions related to their postprimary eligibility pathway requirements, renewals, CQR, or other issues should log on to their online accounts first to see if they’ve received an update specific to their concerns.  

American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT)

• COVID-19 Resources for Radiologic Technologists and Students: ASRT is closely monitoring the COVID-19 situation. ASRT is providing resources to help radiologic technologists and students adapt to this challenge.

JRCNMT

• The JRCNMT is closely monitoring the latest information regarding the COVID-19 virus and considering its potential impact on programs and site visits. Find information here.

Nuclear Medicine Technology Certification Board (NMTCB)

• Update on Testing Resumption for NMTCB Examinations (April 13)
• Information from NMTCB for certified technologists, NMT educators, students, and exam applicants.

Resources for Residents

• Impact of COVID-19 on Radiology Residents and Resident Education (RSNA On-Demand Webinar, May 20) 
• ACGME Information for Residents and Fellows

Resources for Students

• Update on NMT Training from ARRT and NMTCB (April 2020)

Government Resources

World Health Organization (WHO)

• Coronavirus Disease Technical Guidance
• Advice on the use of masks
• Considerations for stopping laboratory activities
• Considerations for stopping clinical research activities

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

• Decontamination and Reuse of Filtering Facepiece Respirators 
• Healthcare Infection Prevention and Control FAQs (PPE guidance for healthcare workers — April 1)
• Healthcare Supply of Personal Protective Equipment
• Information for Healthcare Professionals
• Interim Guidance for Healthcare Facilities: Preparing for Community Transmission of COVID-19 in the United States (Feb. 29)
• Interim U.S. Guidance for Risk Assessment and Public Health Management of Healthcare Personnel with Potential Exposure in a Healthcare Setting to Patients with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
• Interim Infection Prevention Guidelines (March 19)
• Prepare to Care for COVID-19: Get Your Practice Ready
• Resources for Clinics and Healthcare Facilities
• Sequence for Putting On Personal Protective Equipment

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)

• Coronavirus Waivers & Flexibilities
• Recommendations Re-opening Facilities to Provide Non-emergent Non-COVID-19 Healthcare: Phase I (April 19)
• New and Expanded Flexibilities for Rural Health Clinics and Federally Qualified Health Centers... (April 17)
• CMS relief for providers participating in quality reporting programs
• CMS Releases Recommendations on Non-Essential Medical Procedures During COVID-19 Response (March 18)
• CMS Coronavirus Response
• Medicare Telehealth Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) (March 17)

Department of Defense

• COVID-19 FAQs for Grant Applicants and Recipients (Version 2, March 25)

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office for Civil Rights (OCR)

• Recent HHS Updates During the COVID-19 Pandemic (May 19) 
• CARES Act Provider Relief Fund
• Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

• FDA Coronavirus Disease 2019
• FDA Guidance on Clinical Trials
• FDA: Guidance to Increase Availability of Ventilators

National Academy of Medicine (NAM)

• Duty to Plan: Health Care, Crisis Standards of Care, and Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

• Coronavirus: Guidance for Cancer Researchers

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

• NIH Coronavirus Disease 2019 Center
• NIH Guidance on Grants, Operations During COVID-19 Response
• Information for NIH Applicants and Recipients of NIH Funding

National Science Foundation

• Impact on Existing Deadline Dates (NSF) 
• FAQs About COVID-19 for NSF Proposers and Awardees

Nuclear Regulatory Commission

• Regulatory Relief Pathways for NRC Medical Licensees During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (April 22)
• Medical Licensee Temporary Exemptions During the Emergency Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic (April 8)
• U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Methods for Providing Regulatory Relief During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Public Health Emergency (April 7)

Other Resources

American College of Physicians

• Telehealth Coding and Billing During COVID-19
• Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Information for Internists

American College of Radiology

• ACR Statement on Safe Resumption of Routine Radiology Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic 

American Medical Association

• A Physician’s Guide to COVID-19
• COVID-19 Resource Center for Physicians
• Quick Guide to Telemedicine

Association of American Medical Colleges

• AAMC Guidance on Medical Students' Clinical Participation

COVID-19 Data Websites

• COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19)—Allen Institute of Artificial Intelligence has partnered with research groups on this free resource of more than 47,000 scholarly articles about COVID-19 for use by the global research community.
• Live global data about COVID-19
• COVID-19 in the US and Canada (includes state and county-level data)

DOTmed

• DOTmed has created a COVID-19 equipment redeployment program to help hospitals support one another as they combat coronavirus.

ECRI

• COVID-19 and Medical Devices: Safe Respirator Usage When Supplies Are Short

Elsevier Novel Coronavirus Information Center

• Free health and medical research on COVID-19

European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)

• COVID-19 Information Centre

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

• COVID-19 Information

MIM Software

• During the pandemic, MIM Software is making free licenses available to its users so they can work from home. Request a license.

North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (NANETS)

• COVID-19 Resource Page

Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)

• Surge Preparedness (May 6) 
• RSNA COVID-19 Task Force: Post-COVID Surge Radiology Preparedness (May 6) 
• COVID-19 Resources

Sterilizing Masks for Reuse

These articles may be helpful if you need to stretch your supply of respirators. See also ECRI video above and CDC article under Government Resources tab. Please note: Several of these articles are preprints and have not yet been peer reviewed. Accordingly, they are provided for informational purposes only and should not be used to guide clinical practice.

• Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor sterilization of N95 respirators for reuse
  Patrick A. Kenney, Benjamin K. Chan, Kaitlyn Kortright, Margaret Cintron, Nancy Havill, Mark Russi, Jaqueline Epright, Lorraine Lee, Thomas J. Balcezak, Richard A. Martinello

• Decontamination and Reuse of N95 Respirators with Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor to Address Worldwide Personal Protective Equipment Shortages During the SARS-CoV- (COVID-9) Pandemic
  Antony Schwartz, Matthew Stiegell, Nicole Greeson, Andrea Vogel, Wayne Thomann, Monte Brown, Gregory D. Sempowski, Thomas Scott Alderman, James Patrick Condreay, James Burch, Cameron Wolfe, Becky Smith, Sarah Lewis

• N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirator Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI) Process for Decontamination and Reuse
  John J Lowe, Katie D Paladino, Jerald D Farke, Kathleen Boulter, Kelly Cawcutt, Mark Emodi, Shawn Gibbs, Richard Hankins, Lauren Hinkle, Terry Micheels, Shelly Schwedhelm, Angela Vasa, Michael Wadman, Suzanne Watson, and Mark E Rupp

• Evaluation of Five Decontamination Methods for Filtering Facepiece Respirators
  Dennis J. Viscusi, Michael S. Bergman, Benjamin C. Eimer, Ronald E. Shaffer

• What are good ways to address the shortage of face masks by anesthesiologists?
  Amy Price, DPhil (Oxon) and Larry Chu, MD, on behalf of the Stanford AIM Lab and Learnly COVID-19 Evidence Service

• Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in different environmental conditions
  Alex Chin, Julie Chu, Mahen Perera, Kenrie Hui, Hui-Ling Yen, Michael Chan, Malik Peiris, Leo Poon

• UV Sterilization of Personal Protective Equipment with Idle Laboratory Biosafety Cabinets During the COVID-19 Pandemic
  Theory Division, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Kyle J Card, Dena Crozier, Andrew Dhawan, Mina Dinh, Emily Dolson, Nathan Farrokhian, Vishhvaan Gopalakrishnan, Emily Ho, Eshan S King, Nikhil Krishnan, Gleb Kuzmin, Jeff Maltas, Julia Pelesko, Jessica A Scarborough, Jacob G Scott, Geoff Sedor, Davis T Weaver